Poor blood circulation sign show

Poor blood circulation sign 

Bismillahirahmanirahim, this is one of the interesting topic that i like to share with every one, on how to scan your self for to find out What are the Signs of Bad Blood Circulation?
Human body is complex and intelligent sometime it will give you a sign before any of the problem appear , so in my blog here i want to share with you the top 10 sign of the poor blood circulation show in your body.

1. The worse nightmare for the person who are name as a MAN is a Erectile Dysfunction            As we understand Erectile dysfunction or better known as impotence occurs due to disruption of blood flow to the penis. So as a result, some men who experience this condition can not afford the satisfaction of orgasm when making love with a beloved partner. If you feel one or more signs of bad blood circulation above, then immediately make lifestyle changes. Start to exercise more frequently and eat lots of vegetables as well as fruits. Make sure you stay away from stress, cigarettes are also alcohol intake.
2. Impaired  or poor in a digestive system Just like other organs in a human body, the digestive or gastrointestinal system also requires a blood supply rich in oxygen to perform various functions such as digesting food and also provided good absorbing nutrient in stomach. As the blood circulation worsens, the digestive system will also decrease in function. The poor will show a result will arise a variety of digestive problems. Starting from abdominal pain, Bloated, Heart Burn  , diarrhea, colitis and other adverse effects that are not impossible can turn into a serious threat and treating your daily life and activities.
3. Most common sign is a person always often feeling an experiencing Tingling in the Legs and Hands ,this is one of the most common symptoms due to poor blood circulation is characterized by numbness or tingling in the legs as well as hands. The sign of Poor blood circulation causes the feet or hands feel cold accompanied by numbness to sharp pain like a needle impaled and some in addition, a person with poor blood circulation usually often feel the pain in the calf as well as the feet after sitting or standing long, Most the sign disappears after he or she start to mobilize and walk.
4. Another various and common sign is a person easy to get muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue is a condition in which the muscle can no longer contract within a certain period of time due to the reaction of slowing of blood flow because of poor blood circulation makes the muscle lose energy. The common reaction is your body will become weak or less powerful. Poor blood circulation can also cause muscle cramps, especially in the lower limbs, ie thighs, calves to legs. Under certain conditions, muscle cramps can also be a form of complication from serious illnesses such as chronic renal failure, diabetes or peripheral arterial disease. (to understand more regarding to treat muscle pain  MUSCLE PAIN SYNDROME or MYOFACIAL PAIN)
5. Brain and Cognitive Function deteriorate  is a one of Disorders Brain requires intake of oxygen and nutrients so large to perform its function and working, so even with levels far beyond other organs. To reach the brain,to carry the oxygen intake is also one of the nutrients in the blood is certainly very dependent on the smooth circulation of blood system. Therefore, when blood circulation worsens and blood can not flow perfectly to the brain sure and definitely  it will arise various disorders of cognitive function. Common sign of them are difficulty remembering, concentrating, difficulty learning new things and disorientation or confusion.
6. Every one have a nightmare when your hair start to fall of ,the study show a hair loss is it could  be one of the sign a poor blood circulation in your body. This condition also applies to the nails, where poor blood circulation will greatly affect the health of the nail. Causes discoloration, thickening and slowing of nail growth.
7. The most frequent sign we can see on leg is a Varicose veins , the poor blood circulation can also be marked by the appearance of the fine veins that poked around the back of the calf. The condition known as varicose veins is due to the weakening of the venous valves  for a certain individual and so that the blood flow to the heart becomes blocked and the burden of the vein will be more severe appearance that can cause a vein ulcer .(you can read and translate on it Apakah itu  varicose vein ?)
8. The colour and a  Skin Changes can also be an indication that shows signs of poor blood circulation in a human body . Lack of blood intake into skin tissue can cause the skin to look pale  and some time look dull .The onset of livedo reticularis disease characterized by bluish-red patches of skin with reticular patterns such as nets always appears due to poor blood circulation at the skin
9. Most another common sign is  Angina Narrowing of the arteries that will causes the circulatory system to be disturbed. Blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle was choked so that will arise pain in the chest or angina. This condition can not be underestimated, because if it continues to happen it can be fatal to your life . (Heart Disease Prevention )
10. The last is one of the key factors in human life is weakening of the Immune System. The circulatory system and the immune system are closely related and their work together as to be a tank or submarine in your body to fight the germs and virus. why i was saying that is the reason, white blood cells as the main component of the immune system, has one cell called monocytes. These monocyte cells circulate through the blood circulation system to penetrate the capillary wall before entering into the bloodstream tissue for several days its use to help to develop and strengthen your body to protect it from any outside bacteria or virus that can harm your life.

This is one of the tips i want to share , its important to understand on how to take care your health and to make sure you have a good blood circulation in your body ,in my blog here i put some of the related content that you can read and understand that you can find in my blog .Wallahuaklam.

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Kuman yang ada di Tangan

Tips Basuhan tangan asas yang baik

Bismillahirahmanirahim , Sejuk malam nie sehingga mata saya tak dapat nak lelap, so apa lagi kepala saya mula memikirkan apa cerita atau tips yang boleh saya kongsikan di dalam blog saya ini, bila lihat gambar dalam facebook berkaitan luka kencing manis , terus saya mendapat idea unutk menaip dalam blog saya iaitu penjagaan asas yang boleh kita sendiri lakukan terhadap apa apa jenis luka bagi mengelakkan jangkitan kuman. Macam mana kita nak pastikan luka kita tiada jangkitan , senang sahaja para pembaca nak tahu , cara nya luka kita tidak bernanah , itu bermakna luka kita akan sembuh dengan baik , tetapi jika bernanah , jangan buang masa segera mendapatkan rawatan di klinik yang berdekatan.

   

Malam nie saya nak kongsikan cara atau tips tips basuhan tangan yang boleh memberikan manfaat kepada kita semua.

Cara pertama adalah teknik mencuci tangan yang betul ini kerana dengan mengunakan teknik mencuci tangan yang baik sebelum dan selepas bersentuhan dengan luka anda ianya amat membantu dari segi pengawalan serta mencegah penyebaran jangkitan.

   

Berikut adalah langkah-langkah yang perlu diikuti:

1. Basuh tangan dengan sabun dan air:
2. Mulakan basuhan tangan dengan air suam dan sapukan sabun.
3. Pastikan anda gosok dengan baik ke atas semua permukaan selama sekurang-kurangnya 15 saat.
4. Bilas dengan baik di bawah air yang mengalir.
5. Pastikan anda Keringkan tangan dengan tuala yang bersih.
6. Pastikan anda menutup air dengan tuala yang digunakan ketika mengeringkan tangan bagi mengelakkan tangan yang telah dibersihkan tadi tersentuh dengan kepala pili yang mungkin tidak bersih.
7. Pastikan anda menggunakan hand rub atau hand sanitizer yang dimana  produk ini berasaskan alkohol tanpa alkohol atau gel
8. Gosokkan tangan bersama, meliputi semua permukaan termasuk kuku tapak tangan celah celah jari dan pastikan hand rub itu kering ianya dilakukan antara kira-kira 10 hingga 15 saat.
9. Gunakan  dan sarungkan tangan anda sarung tangan lateks atau vinil yang bersih jika membersihkan atau menyentuh permukaan luka yang hendak di cuci atau dibersihkan.
10. Elakkan menyentuh permukaan yang tidak bersih ketika melakukan cucian kepada luka.

Di sini saya sertakan teknik basuhan tangan yang baik serta asas yang mudah difahami oleh semua peringkat , Cara basuhan tangan yang betul juga merupakan kunci asa kesihatan pada individu tersebut.Wallhuaklam

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Wound Home management.

Wound care

Bismillahirahmanirahim,

Today in my blog , i want to add the info regarding how to manage a simple wound and prevent it from infection that can cause a problem to you later.As we understand in medical people there is 5 types of common wound that are common happen in humanare abrasion, avulsion, incision, laceration, and puncture. 

• An abrasion is a wound caused by friction when a body scrapes across a rough surface.

• An avulsion is characterized by a flap.

•  An incision is a cut with clean edges.

•  A laceration is a cut with jagged edges. 

• A puncture is a wound where something passes through or becomes impaled in the skin

most in our mind always keep mention is how many days the wound will be heal , in some of people it will depends on their health status, In human body its about five days into the wound healing process, the tissue re-growth stage begins. most of the case It typically lasts around three weeks for minor wounds, and it's the time when the body repairs broken blood vessels and replaces damaged tissues with healthy new ones.

How to clean a wound at home.

This simple method i want to share on how to manage a wound when you have injured your self or when it happen to your family members.  When injuries and sustain wound a break in the skin. A basic and important thing is make sure you had a plaster or larger dressing is usually all that is needed to stop a wound bleeding and also you might need to apply pressure to the area, and if an arm or leg is affected during injuries , you should raise it above heart level base on first aid learning.

The first thing you need to keep in your mind before putting on a plaster or other dressing, you should clean the wound.

Here the steps below to ensure that it does not become infected when you manage by your own: 

1.     Wash and dry your hands thoroughly and make sure there no any substance stick on your hand example oil and dirt..

2.     If you have any injuries or cuts on your own hands, you should cover them and wear disposable gloves for hygiene and prevention of infection

3.     If treating someone else, tell them what you are doing to make sure their know your come for help .

4.     Important thing that make sure the person is sitting or lying down when you provide the help.

5.     Most important thing for non medical practice, If the wound has something embedded or stick  in it, leave it in place until you seek medical advice cause taking it out by yourself will put you on risk massive bleed and dangerous

6.     You make sure to clean the wound under running tap water, saline (a salt water solution) or use an alcohol-free wipe, gauze pad or soft cloth,and make sure do not use antiseptic, because it may damage the skin and cause a bad scar when healing.

7.     You need to soak the gauze or cloth in the saline solution or water, and gently dab or wipe the skin with it , no scrub on it as it will cause bleeding again

8.     The next step is you need to gently pat the area dry using a clean towel or a pad of tissues, Most of people use a wrong method by using a cotton wool ball, where strands of material can get stuck to the wound and cause more difficult to clean it when it dry

9.     To apply a sterile dressing, such as a bandage or plaster when you had complete pat it and dry the wound

10. The most area you need to understand ,If blood soaks through the bandage or pad leave it in place and add another bandage make sure you continue to apply pressure on the wound for controlled the bleed.

i would say this is just a basic to mange the wound at home and keep it in your mind that it certain factor you need when to seek medical advice

Always get medical advice if the injury:

• Wound or injured area does not stop bleeding
• is very large or very deep that you can manage by your own
• has something embedded in it and don,t pull out it by yourself (Don,t follow what a movie show as it all fake)
• When the wound is involve to an artery or on a joint crease
• The wound start show is red, sore and painful, or has pus coming out (it may be infected) you need treated by antibiotic that prescribe by Dr
• The old wound that looks like it might be infected after you dressing by your self that not shown any sign of recovery

So the conclusion is when you have this wound the most important factor is Tetanus vaccination

There is very important to check that you are up to date with your tetanus jabs if your skin is broken in an injury, or if you are bitten by animal or human.The Dr will perscribe a booster Jab for tetanus when he think you need due to injuries , wallahuaklam .

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Quit smoking Part 1

What are the reason you need to quit smoking?

Bismillahirahmanirahim.

This 2018 i hope every smokers had a reason try to quit and also to free from smoking.

why in this new year we need to put for one of our effort. 

The main reason and the best benefits you will gain

When you try to quit smoking you had extend your life another 10 years , this is because

Your risk of coronary heart disease is that of a non-smoker's. when you stop smoking it starts to put you on lowers risk of diabetes, helping and improvise blood vessels work better, and helps your heart and lungs to get healthy. 

Did you now when you start to smoke it can causes premature death: Life expectancy for smokers is at least 10 years shorter than for nonsmokers this is not what i am say it was done by research and also prove in daily life buy when you are Quitting smoking before the age of 40 reduces the risk of dying from smoking-related disease by about 90% and you will have a improving in a quality of life.

One of the interesting fact and research had shown when you smoking you will hunted by a one of the killer cancer calls a lung cancer  and one study found people who smoked between 5 and 9 cigarettes a day had a higher risk of dying from lung cancer, or any type of cancer without you notice until it became late. You can get the reference from. Bjartveit K, Tverdal A. Health consequences of smoking 1-4 cigarettes per day 

I have a friend who are stop from smoking and he share the experience regarding the side effect when he start to stop the smoking , when he first time to stop smoking after 21 years smoke the body show a reaction on recovery ,The body  start trying to account for the sudden shock and loss of blood sugar. Extreme anxiety, irritability, mood swings, and insomnia are all very common side effects from quitting smoking , when i read in another facts and research some person will experience as a drug user ,this is because as we now the  Tobacco contains nicotine, an addictive drug, and smokers become addicted so If you quit abruptly your mind  and body will go through the physical and psychological effects of drug-withdrawal, These may include the sign of  intense food cravings, jittery nerves, anxiety, short temper, depression, and sleeplessness.

and he also mention to me that he  also get extreme nausea, vomiting for days until the body starts to stabilize itself,and when the body start to learning without nicotine he feel like to be born again .

What can your lungs doing when you stop smoking is a magical process as you quit smoking, the inflammation in the airways goes down. The little hair-like projections in the airways that we call cilia that are sleep and paralyzed by smoke  will wake up and begin to work again. So the lungs will get better in weeks to months base on how you improve your life with activities and exercise.

some time it also will just depends on how long you've smoked and how extensive damage you have done to your lungs, As Physiotherapy when i meet a patient who had a certain damage like emphysema is permanent and therefore irreversible to get recovery. So ti go back to your pre-smoking body's health is not possible , but quitting smoking now has immediate and substantial effects on your body that only a person who are doing that will notice the effect.

So i understand in some individual have an experience to deal it physically and mentally as the hardest part of quitting smoking comes in the first week because after three to five days after you quit your body and mind is trying to fight feel cravings, you're sluggish, and you start producing a lot of gunk in the lining of your lungs in order to expel it. But all that subsides after a few weeks, if you can push through. The benefit that will suprise you is your lungs action , this is because its start free from poisoning gas ,This gas can be harmful or fatal in high doses and prevents oxygen from entering the lungs and blood. When inhaled in large doses in a short time, suffocation can occur from lack of oxygen. After just 12 hours without a cigarette, the body cleanses itself of the excess carbon monoxide from the cigarettes

especially there is lots of tips and experience that we can hear for the people who a quit the smoking

because it will help you to achieve a quality and also improve your health and also people surrounding you. wallahuaklam

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Home remedy Juice for Gout

Remedy Juice Vs Gout

Bismillahirahmanirahim, When i am writing the post , i was recall to share of one the Natural juice that had been use by one of my patient regarding to help him to treat and control the uric acid in his body.
its quiet interesting as this juice is easy to made and also will not harm to try as we always consume this food in our diet.
So this is the receipt i can share for the readers to try and also to seen the effect, as when i read and find in the journal ,most of the indgridents in the juice had potentially to play the role to control the uric acid in our body.

Here the receipt than we can make as home remedies juice.

The ingridents is
1 cucumber (medium size)

2 celery stems

1 sliced lemon

1 table spoon of Honey ( For sweetener)

Methods:

1. Prepare the above materials and clean them first. Make sure the celery has no dirt.
2. Cut the cucumber into smaller size
3. Cut lemon 1 slice . Remove the skin as to prevent a bitter taste. You can put the other in the refrigerator.
4. Then add a 1 tablespoon of  honey
5. Mix all and blend.
6. Ready to drink every day.( More nice if you keep it cold in refrigerator)

Effects of this Remedy in Fight Gout 
1. Cucumber = We understand that cucumbers are low in purines and high in water, they can potentially play an important role in fighting gout.

  2. Celery = Credit to researcher who are find that A study in the journal Arthritis and Rheumatism found that eating celery , Luteolin, a major component of celery, blocks the enzyme that leads to uric acid formation (Food Chemistry, Dec. 15, 2013)

 3. Lemon = Some gout patient experience a positive result after taking a lemon juice , it stimulates the formation of calcium carbonate, which neutralizes acids because its improve the body's acidity and remove it is by alkalinizing the urine.

 4. Honey =  the is a fact and research show a Honey is not a high purine food, and taking or eating it in small amounts will not trigger any gout attacks but if a person who are suffer gout it can be choose a sweetener , i believe to say a raw honey should be the choice for the gout sufferer

 As a physiotherapist i would like to say this guide is not a permanent solution for a gout problems. So make sure you improve your quality of lifestyle and make sure you keep your health well and take a medication as prescribe by the DR. wallahuaklam.

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Prevention of uric Acid (Gout)

Prevention of Uric Acid

Bismillahirahmanirahim,
In My previous Blog regarding of uric acid i was thinking to add another important info on how to prevent and control your uric acid in a safest and effective way. For our understanding prevention of uric acid can be done with diligent uric acid levels control in your blood. In the human body system are complex and intelligent but high blood glucose deposition in the blood, which can not be excreted by the kidneys, will turn into a monosodium urate crystalline which gradually attacks the joints and tissues around it to cause uric acid disease.

So we back to the simple question ,How to prevent gout disease:

• Make sure you understand on how to make your routine control of uric acid levels in the blood (especially people with risk factors for gout, men over 30)
• Try and avoid foods that contain lots of purine substances such as meat, offal, some types of nuts and vegetables
• One of the hardest way in mental for human is weight control to avoid obesity with diligent exercise
• To make sure we are maximize kidney health (drink plenty of water) to prevent complications of uric acid
• avoid alcohol and cigarettes in your life.

But in other facts If you already have uric acid, there are some uric acid treatments that focus on:

• relieve symptoms of gout
• prevent recurrent attacks by lowering uric acid levels through drugs

On the prevention action the most important fact and things you can do when a gout attack occurs, as a form of uric acid prevention:

1. is to make sure you see your doctor if an attack of gout strikes as you can get pain medication that has been prescribed for you by the Dr.
2. The easiest and cheap way is Rest. The best thing you should do when an attack of invading gout is to be on your mattress.
3. Cover the ice cubes on areas of pain / swelling to reduce pain due to joint inflammation.
4. when you have an acute pain make sure you Letting the pain / swelling area open. In patients with acute uric acid, even touched light objects such as cloth will cause tremendous pain.
5. Mind control and stable emotional is one of the best for you to be patient in the face of pain that is attacking you. 
6. Most common case the pain lasts only a few days, so be patient and do not forget to take prescribed medication and avoid any massage and heavy activity during attacking period.

From my experience as Physiotherapist many uric acid sufferers experience uric acid attacks within 2 years, followed by a second attack that occurs after 10 years and it was shown in some clinical experience by patient. The attacks are unpredictable, but you should immediately consult a doctor if the attacks come frequently. The faster handled, the better it can be prevent and avoid . Wallahuaklam.

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Physiotherapy and Uric Acid

Causes of Uric Acid

Bismillahirahmanirahim,         
Yesterday i have one of my uncle had came and visited me ,he had a bad of history of GOUT and today in my blog , i want to sharing some info regarding of the Uric acid. for our understand the cause of uric acid is the buildup of uric acid in the body derived from the breakdown of purine substances.The puurines are obtained from our own bodies and from food.
 Meat, beans, liver, offal is a source and rich of purine substances. For that, the more consumption of food with purine substances automatically it will increase the total purine substances in your body. When excessive consumption is taking, these uric acid deposits turn into sharp crystals of Monosodium Urates and invade the joints and surrounding tissues. Under normal conditions for the normal person the uric acid can dissolve in the blood, passing through the kidneys and out of the body in the urine.

Uric acid can form in the blood when:

1. increasing and excessive uric acid levels
2. Weak or Unhealthy kidneys that can not get rid of the amount of uric acid produced.
3. Over and high intake consumption of foods with high purine content.

In some of the case when uric acid levels in your blood are high, this is commonly called hyperuricemia. Precipitation of uric acid that can not be removed from the body by the kidneys will increase a form monosodium urate crystals in your blood or kidneys that result or causing a uric acid or kidney stones.

 A person's who had a risk factor for developing gout is when:

1. Have a history and heredity of family member with the same disease.
2. Is a man as it more attack on Male compare Female.
3. Overweight and obesity
4. Drinking too much alcohol.
5. Eat too much purine rich food.
6. It has an enzyme defect that makes it difficult for the body to break down purines.
7. Has history had an organ transplant.
8. Using some medications such as diuretics, aspirin, cyclosporine, levodopa.
9. Consume vitamin niacin intake in daily life.

So for our understanding and prevention action taken i would say many of the symptoms of uric acid can be diagnosed before it is too late, such as swelling of the big toe, fingers, and other places associated with your small or large joints.Common of the Joint pain is also one of the most frequent symptoms of uric acid. This pain is caused by inflammation due to the formation of sharp crystals of uric acid deposits that invade tissue around the joint especially when it happen it also can cause a warm and redness colour on affected joint. Although not all people with high uric acid levels in the blood suffer from gout, one way to protect the joints and prevent gout disease is to reduce purine-rich foods and exercise regular control of your uric acid levels. wallahuaklam.

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Bone spur Prevention

How to deal with calcaneus spur at your foot ?

Bismillahirahmanirahim , Today i had attend one of the patient who are suffering the foot pain more than 3 month , he always complain the pain is persist and not become better even he had take a pain killer to deal with it.
when he meet me , when i view his X- ray , i had noted some small bone spur had been develop on his foot and in term of medical , i was called Bone spur .
In general condition ,The calcaneus spur means the hardened part of the bone into a spur that can been affecting at your foo. As for patient understanding, calcaneus spur is the formation of small bones like a spur on the heel that can be compress and hit to your tissue of foot when you put a loading weight on it as for example you walking and standing.
       I had explain to the patint that is the exact cause of calcaneus spur remains uncertain and it contributing with a lot of factor . However, many medical experts have argued that this condition is associated with long-term trauma or collision and frequent frequent frequency on the heels of youth. Therefore, sponge calcaneus is associated with athletes. Some even mention if this condition is a disease of athletes. But the assumption is not absolute right as Athletes are rarely found calcaneus spur in their live even their of season.

     In connection of your question, if you have been diagnosed with calcaneus spur by a Dr or Therapist , there are several ways you can take it to overcome it and deal with a proper guideline. The most commonly recommended way is to cope with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pain medications (NSAIDs) of many types and brands on the market that can be provided by the Dr and Specialist.
Other ways such as physiotherapy or the use of heelcup (viscoheel), the soles placed in sandals or shoes can be taken , and i also will suggest to the patient to had a treatment with using Ultrasound therapy and Laser therapy for management to the pain.

In the acute phase, it is recommended to frequently compress the heel with ice to reduce swelling and pain. Do it twice daily, morning and evening.
if you want to know more here the exercise you can improve in that
PLANTAR FASCIITIS EXERCISE

If after two treatment sessions and you still feel pain, The Dr can be given injections on the heel. This injection is only done in patients who already feel very pain in the heel and not ease with the conventional method.

    However, it must be remembered the side effects of the injection on everyone. Patients are not recommended to inject more than three times a year as their is have an evidence that can cause an rejected of medication .If the complaint persists, you may contact an orthopedic doctor for further treatment wallahuaklam.

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Depression cause back pain

Its Depression can lead to the Back Pain ?

Bismillahirahmanirahim,

As a Physiotherapist i would like to share regarding related of this two things ,Psychological and Physical illness are common often linked and it is not uncommon for depression to manifest itself as a physical pain,especially its related to the back and neck pain.

Most of my patient have this symptom that we cal tired. When we all tired drained or depress it seems to take too much effort to sit or stand upright and your posture increase deviate from the ideal norm.

When you sustain a bad posture it will definitely affected your alignment of the spine and it can lead to back problems over and above psychosomatic back pain.
in instance of severe depression, direct treatment of an associated back complaint will not provide and helping in the long term effect.

the individual concerned should consider seeking advice from counselor or clinical psychologist with combined a multiple course of anti depression drugs. From my experience i believe to say many of the drugs used to treat depression also had shown a positive effect to act as a pain relive and such the benefits of the two folds .

on the other hand back pain that persists over long period of time also can be a contributing factor to lead depression and sure this will need a treatment in its own right. Wallahuaklam.

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Guide line for suctioning technique

Guidelines for Suctioning

Objective

Bismillahirahmanirahim

• To maintain a patent airway by removing mucous secretions and all foreign materials from the oropharynx (mouth and throat) and/or nasopharynx (nose).
• Promote his or her oxygenation and ventilation.
• When there is a presence of a respiratory tract infection or a lung-related disorder, the lungs produce a thick substance known as sputum. This sputum can make it hard to breathe, cause coughing, and harbor bacteria.
• The accumulation of sputum can sometimes be an indication for a doctor to ask for a sputum culture.

Sputum Culture and Sensitivity 

(Sputum C & S)

Alternate Names: Culture and Gram Stain

• This fast, relatively painless test helps laboratory technicians study the bacteria or fungi that might be growing in the lungs and causing the production of the sputum. This can help them find the cause of the illness.
• The most difficult part of a sputum culture is often getting enough material in a sputum sample for testing
• Once the sputum sample is taken for analyzing, it will be then taken to the laboratory to be placed on a special plate that has a nutrient that helps bacteria or other pathogens present in the sputum to grow.
• The laboratory will run a number of tests to determine if the growth is a bacterium, a virus, or a fungus. The laboratory will work to tell the difference between bacteria that makes a person sick and those that helps keep a person well.
• Over the next few days, different antibiotics are added to determine the most effective antibiotic or antifungal to treat the infection.
• A Sputum C & S is also used to diagnose tuberculosis, and determine the most effective treatment for the patient

Getting the specimens 

through suction &Types of Suctioning

• Open Suction

patient disconnected from ventilation device and suctioned with regular suction catheter.

• Closed Suction

utilizes an in-line suction catheter with patient remaining attached to mechanical ventilation. This technique is recommended all for patients, especially those with high oxygen requirements or increased levels of Positive Expiratory End Pressure (PEEP).

NASOPHARYNGEAL  AND
OROPHARYNGEAL
SUCTIONING

• PPE
• Face mask
• Gloves
• Sterile gloves
• Apron E

Apparatus

• Tubing drainage
• Suction catheter
• Saline solution
• Mucus extractor
• Gauze
• Suction Vacuum

Appropriate sized catheter

• Neonates 5 – 8 Fr.
• Pediatrics 8 – 12 Fr.
• Adolescents 12 – 14 Fr.

What to start ?

1. ·         Perform hand hygiene and don PPE.
2. ·         Set up sterile saline for instillation and for flushing of catheter between catheter passes.
3. ·         Open suction catheter package maintaining the sterility of catheter.
4. ·         Attach catheter end to connection tubing from the suction apparatus.  Adjust wall  suction. 
5. ·         Recommended pressures should not exceed 80 – 120 mmHg for pediatrics and 80 -100 mmHg for neonates. Cleanse hands and put on sterile gloves.

Method

1. With sterile gloved hand, advance catheter to pre-measured depth without applying suction.  Utilizing measured depth ensures suction catheter does not extend beyond the pharynx and cause trauma.
2. Apply intermittent suction while slowly withdrawing the catheter, rotating catheter between the finger and thumb.  Continuous suction may be warranted with thick, copious secretions.
3. Duration of intermittent suction should not exceed 10 seconds in paediatric patients or 5 seconds in neonate. 
4. Duration of continuous suction should not exceed 5 seconds in neonate or paediatric patient2.

Wallahuaklam.

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