Batuk normal dan tidak normal.

Apakah Itu Batuk ?

Bismillahirahmanirahim,

Semalam petang saya tersedak dan terbatuk ketika minum nescafe ,nak kata orang rindu kat saya tak tahulah (kata orang dulu dulu) ,Tapi tahukah kita apakah itu batuk yang sebenarnye? Batuk merupakan tindakan refleks/protective reflex terjadi apabila saluran penafasan kita tersekat atau terganggu. Tujuan batuk adalah untuk membersihkan saluran  pernafasan supaya kita dapat bernafas dgn lebih selesa. 

Jenis & ciri-ciri Batuk:

1) Batuk tidak berkahak

• Selalunya pesakit akan merasa kering, gatal/perit di tekak
• rasa gatal yg kering di tekak ini akan mengakibatkan batuk yg mengganggu tanpa mengeluarkan kahak atau lendir
• Selalunya ianya disebabkan oleh jangkitan virus atau tindak balas akibat alahan dan kemasukan benda asing di saluran pernafasan  dan biasanya ia akan pulih sendiri

2) Batuk berkahak/chesty cough 

• batuk  dan mengeluarkan  dan penghasilan kahak menandakan jangkitan dlm paru2 seperti bronchitis and pneunomia.
• Sealunya kahak yang terhasil berwarna hijau, kuning spt karat. Kekadang ada darah dlm kahak(hemoptisis) merupakan tanda penyakit yg serious. seperti (TB atau Kanser Paru Paru)

Tahukah Anda dengan Kahak seseorang itu boleh mengenali masalah yang dialami

Carta Warna Kahak

1)Kahak berwarna putih dan jernih/lebih cair

• tidak menunjukkan sebarang penyakit

2)Kahak Berwarna putih, berbuih dan byk

• terdpt pada pesakit bronkitis kronik dan mrk yg merokok serta terdedah kepada asap serta bahan kimia.

3)Kahak Berwarna hijau, coklat atau kuning

• Menandakan adanya jangkitan dlm paru2 seperti bronkitis, pneunomia atau jangkitan didlm saluran penafasan

4)kahak berdarah atau Karat

• menandakan adanya penyakit dlm paru2 seperti (karsinoma/cacinoma, batuk kering/tuberculosis, embolisme paru2/pulmonary embolism .

Apakah Fungsi Kahak ini

Tahukah kita perparu kita menghasilkan satu mekanisma perlindungan dimana bahan pencair lendir adalah bahan yg membantu tubuh badan kita,dalam membantu untuk menapis dan juga mengeluarkan habuk, kuman dan bendasing yg terperangkap dari saluaran penafasan.  lendir ini juga membantu mengurangkan kesakitan peparu kita ketika batuk dan adalah penting ianya merupakan salah satu sistem pertahanan tubuh untuk mencegah jangkitan, lendir ini akan menjadi masalah apabila ianya dihasilkan dalam kuaniti yang banyak , bertukar warna dan juga diikuti dengan sukar bernafas dan demam.

Tips Untuk mengatasi Masalah batuk dan Kahak.

1)Cara yang mudah adalah tingkatkan kelembapan udara dgn alat pelembap, pengewap  or sedut udara yg berkelembapkan tinggi. Ia mencairkan rembesan bronkus atau kahak.Sebagai contoh penggunaan nebulizer , atau penggunaan Wap Panas 

2)Perbanyakan minum air suam

3)kurangkan makanan yg menyebabkan byk lendir spt

• bahan tenusu
• makanan yg diproses byk kali(seperti minyak yg lama digunakan)
• daging
• makanan remeh
• gula pasir
• buah2 manis
• makanan dr tepung seperti roti putih atau biskut
• Makanan unsur kekacang

4)Jauhkan diri dari asap rokok , merokok dan juga terdedah kepada asap asap kenderaan. 

5 Banyakkan lakukan senaman Pernafasan 

6) Lakukan Self Postural drainage bagi membantu mengeluarkan kahak

Rawatan Buang Kahak,

Apa yang saya kongsikan di sini lebih kepada info tentang batuk dan juga kita boleh menilai jenis kahak yang terhasil disebabkan oleh batuk ini 

wallahuaklam.

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Human Posture pattern.

The Type of HumanPosture

Bismillahirahmanirahim..

The concept of human posture has different meanings to different persons:

·         To the orthopedic surgeon, it may be an indication of the soundness of the musculoskeletal system.

·         To the Kinesiologist, it is a measure of mechanical efficiency of muscles, balance and of neuromuscular coordination.

·         It is considered as the relative arrangement of parts of the body. It changes with the positions and movements of the body throughout life and throughout the day.

·         It is the attitude which is assumed by body parts to maintain stability and balance with minimum effort and least strain during supportive and non supportive positions.

Definition of  a “ Good Posture”:

·         A good posture is the state of muscular and skeletal balance which protects the supporting structures of the body against injury and progressive deformities, irrespective of the attitude in which these structures are working or resting.

·         Under these conditions, the muscles will function most efficiently and the optimum positions are afforded for the thoracic and abdominal organs.

·         There is no single best posture for all individuals. Each person must take the body he / she has and make the best of it. The “ good Posture” is the one that suits one’s own condition and the condition of the environment.

·         e.g. during attention. The normal posture will be erect, while in extreme fatigue, the normal posture will be that conserves energy.

·         The “good posture” is the posture in which the body segments are balanced in the position of least strain and maximum support.

Postural Control:

·         Postural control refers to the ability to maintain the stability of the body as a whole and body segments “against gravity” or  “movement of different body segments” or “changes in the supporting surface”.

·         Control depends on the integrity of nervous system, muculoskeletal system and special senses.

Types of Postures

Easy Posture

·         It is a good, symmetrical and balanced position though this position cannot be maintained for a long time.

·         The subject will therefore shift his weight in a swaying movement in order to prevent fatigue and to maintain a good circulation in the postural muscles of the legs when standing.

·         By alternating the main support from one leg to another, the muscles become periodically unloaded and relaxed.

·         The pelvic inclination is about 60°.

Fatigue Posture

·         It is asymmetrical or sagging posture. This position s relaxed and can be maintained for a long time as most of the body’s joints are in semi- flexion.

·         The load on the muscles will decrease and the energy expenditure is 10 % less than easy posture.

·         The pelvic inclination decreases due to posterior tilting of the pelvis.

Rigid Posture

·         It is called normal stellung posture or posture of attention. It doesn’t mean normal posture. This position cannot be assumed for a long time as most of body’s joints are in extension.

·         Therefore, the load will increase on the joints and muscles and the energy expenditure is 20% more than in the easy posture.

·         The pelvic inclination increases due to the anterior tilting of the pelvis.

Faulty Posture

·         Faulty relationship of the various body parts which produces increased strain on the supporting structures.

·         Inadequate balance over the base of support.

·         Postural deviations will occur with an increase or decrease of body curvatures and pelvic inclination.

Faulty posture leads to prolonged posture strain which causes

1.      Ligaments stretch which, if becoming permanent, will lead to joint instability increased faulty posture.

2.      Uneven pressure on joint cartilage which will cause abnormal friction, which in turn will lead to joint damage ,increased faulty posture.

SO MAKE A CHANGE 

    The conclusion to understand for Your Back is A healthy back has three natural curves: a slight forward curve in the neck (cervical curve), a slight backward curve in the upper back (thoracic curve), and a slight forward curve in the low back (lumbar curve). Good posture actually means keeping these three curves in balanced alignment , wallahuaklam.

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Neck pain and headaches cause

Possible Causes Of Neck Pain and Headaches
Bismillahirahmanirahim , today a simple tips and info i want to sharing ,its regarding neck pain and related with the headaches .One of the most common causes of neck pain, and sometimes headaches, is poor posture.It’s easy to get into bad posture habits without even realizing it—even an activity as “innocent” as reading in bed can ultimately lead to pain, headaches, and more serious problems

How to Avoids

• The basic rule is simple: Keep your neck in a “neutral” position whenever possible.
• In other words, don't bend or hunch your neck forward for long periods.
• Also, try not to sit in one position for a long time.
• If you must sit for an extended period, make sure your posture is good:
• Keep your head in a neutral position, make sure your back is supported, keep your knees slightly lower than your hips, and rest your arms if possible.
• Reading in bed can cause neck strain—especially if you’re propped up on several pillows, bending your neck forward, and trying to hold your arms out , How to solve ?

• Your sleeping position is another possible source of neck problems. Does your pillow cause you to sleep with your neck at an angle, either too high or too low?
• Also, remember that pillows don’t last forever. After a year or so pillows tend to “collapse” and may need to be replaced.
• In addition, a bed that doesn’t offer enough back support can also be a source of neck discomfort

 Create your own Roll Pillow

• get a bath towel
• roll it up to form a bath towel to bolster
• make sure it's not too thick and hard in terms of form bolster.
• Put on the back of the neck with the head at the base of the pillow, make sure the back of the neck is fully supported by the bolster

The most important thing in our life ,Maintaining a neutral spinal posture  when stooped (e.g., when shaving, brushing teeth, bathing children, repairing cars, shoveling, etc.) may reduce your risk of  to get a neck injury and discomfort. wallahuaklam.

• 
  

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Vitamin for brain in children

Vitamins For Children In order for Intelligent Brains

Bismillahirahmanirahim ,There are so many questions from parents about vitamins for brain intelligence of children who need to be consumed for their sons and daughters to grow into healthy and intelligent children. Actually, to build a smart brain and healthy, especially for children - children not only need vitamins A child's brain, but there are some things that need our attention, namely

1.Maintaining balance sugar intake. 

Limit your intake of sugar is consumed. The more sugar, the excessive consumption up to make children become hyperactive and makes the brain have difficulty concentrating. Protein consumption can reduce the sugar intake of carbohydrates consumed by children.

2. Essential fatty consumption.
 Shortage of essential fatty fat intake primarily affect intelligence and behavior, because 60% of the mass of the brain is composed of fat. Then how this essential fats can be obtained from food? Food for the brain that contain essential fats can be obtained from the consumption of seeds - seeds (sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds), beans, tuna, salmon, sardines, mackerel, eggs rich in omega 3, etc. 

3.Consumption of vitamins and minerals for the brain.

Minerals and vitamins for a child's brain can be obtained from the fruit - fruit, vegetables and supplements to improve brain performance. Mineral and vitamin child's brain can be obtained from a zinc supplement, magnesium, chromium, vitamin C and others. Avoid foods that cause allergies for children and do not contain nutrients such foods contain chemical additives like food foods that contain dyes or artificial preservatives, etc

It can be concluded that the food for the child's brain is not only derived from vitamin brains of children, but also of other nutrients such as protein, essential fats, minerals and other nutrients. In addition, the restriction of food intake needs to be certain that it can reduce the concentration and intelligence. Wallahuaklam..

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Explanation for Pain sign

 Explanation for Pain Of mechanical origin

Bismillahirahmanirahim , For all therapist here i want to share what is the best and specific answer to tell the patient about the pain.

Pain is such a negative experience.  What purpose does it serve?

Pain helps to keep us out of danger.  It keeps us from harming ourselves, and helps us to go through the stages of healing properly.

What causes pain?

Pain is a sensation caused by your nervous system, particularly your brain, through an output system also consisting of nervous system.  It is similar to hunger or thirst in that it is meant to bring about an action to satisfy a need.

If it is all the nervous system, then why do I hurt in my joints, muscles, and bones?

 This is a fairly complex mechanism, so here is a summary.

1)      When the brain receives a trigger it perceives as a threat, it wants to know more about it.

2)      It therefore will increase the sensitivity of the nerves surrounding the trigger area that is threatened.

3)      Nerves that have become sensitive are stimulated more easily by movement.  Therefore, they cause the surrounding muscles to tighten up and restrict the stimulation of these nerves.

4)      The result is movements become guarded.  This is one of the initial jobs of pain.  It keeps you from moving so that any tissue problem can resolve.

Important point:  This is why hurt does not equal harm.  Pain is very effective at keeping you from injuring yourself.  Once the pain response is initiated it is highly unlikely that you will cause further tissue damage by moving.  The pain won’t let you move that way.

5)      Since these nerves exist in the moving parts; the muscles, the joints, on the surface of bones, these areas are where you feel the pain.  The nerve is actually the sensitive structure though.

This is why certain movements hurt.  Certain movements cause the stimulation of these sensitive nerves.

So why does the pain seem to spread out?

Until the brain is convinced that the threat is resolved, it will keep the nerves sensitive and the movement restricted.    This, in turn, limits movement of other nerves elsewhere and may reduce their oxygen supply, making them sensitive and possibly painful.

As more nerves become sensitive, more movements become pain triggers.

Hope this tips can be a great explanation to tell the patient for their understanding. Wallahuaklam. 

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Efficacy and Benefits of Garlic For Health

Benefits of Garlic

Bismillahirahmanirahim , Garlic has been very often we meet, maybe even every day we eat. No wonder, since garlic is one seasoning which, if not included, may feel less comfortable cooking. But, you know it turns out garlic is beneficial also for the health of our bodies.

Discussing about the garlic, it is not complete without a mention of medicinal value alias efficacy and benefits. It turned out that garlic has been used since antiquity as a drug to prevent or treat various diseases. Efficacy and benefits of garlic are created because he has some useful substances such as Allicin, an important compound that is known to have anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal and anti-oxidants. Besides garlic also contains selenium, ajoene, alliin, etc. that has a good effect on blood circulation, digestion and our immune system and helps in lowering blood pressure, detoxification, and others. Here we summarize the benefits of garlic for the health of our bodies.

Antibacterial and antiviral 
benefits of garlic is the most famous of its antibacterial and antiviral properties. Therefore, it can help control bacterial and viral infections. Fresh garlic is expected to also prevent food poisoning by killing bacteria such as E. coli excessive, Salmonella enteritidis, and others. Modern science has shown that garlic is a powerful natural antibiotic, although it has a wide spectrum. But fortunately, the bacteria did not develop into resistant to garlic, unlike what happened in the modern pharmaceutical antibiotics. It is certainly very good and outstanding.

Increase Endurance Body
Some studies also show that garlic has powerful antioxidant effects. These antioxidants may help protect the body against free radicals that are damaging the cells of the body exposed.

Lowering High Blood Pressure 
Several studies have shown that garlic can reduce blood pressure in people with hypertension (high blood pressure) that is as much as 7% to 8%. However, garlic also appears to lower blood pressure in people with normal blood pressure.

Preventing Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis or hardening and narrowing of the arteries usually occurs with age, as a result, blood vessels tend to lose their ability to stretch and bend. It can lead to heart attack and stroke. Fortunately Garlic has the benefit of reducing these atherosclerosis.

Prevent Cancer 
naturally turns garlic consumption may reduce the risk of colon cancer, anal cancer, rectal cancer and gastric cancer. However, garlic supplements do not seem to offer the same benefits. So it took a natural garlic.

Fungal infections of skin prevention
benefits of garlic are other no less important is to help eradicate fungal skin infections, including ringworm and athlete's foot. Ringworm and itch responds well to treatment gel containing garlic with ajoene content of 0.6% (chemicals in garlic) is applied to the skin. But in the water flea, will be effective if given the garlic gel with a higher concentration, ie ajoene 1% or more.

Diabetes control
Garlic has the effect of increasing the release of insulin and regulate blood sugar levels in diabetics. But there is no strong evidence for the benefits of garlic this one.

Then to get the benefits of garlic as above, how much can we consume or use? The following dose recommended by scientific research

• To lower high blood pressure Garlic extract 600-1200 mg divided and given three times a day. Fresh garlic or 4 gram once a day. Fresh garlic typically contains 1% alliin.
• To Prevent Colon Cancer, Stomach, Rectum Garlic and fresh or cooked 3.5 to 29 grams eaten weekly.
• For skin fungal infections (ringworm, athlete's foot) Cream garlic with ajoene content of 0.4%, 0.6% gel, and 1% gel applied twice daily for one week.

I hope by this info it will give us an alternative way to find another remedies in naturally to improve our health..wasalam.

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Bahaya penyakit Diphteria

Apakah Itu Kuman Diphteria .

Bismillahirahmanirahim , Pagi tadi apabila buka surat khabar saya dikejutkan dengan laporan dari jabatan kesihatan negeri melaka bahawa 40 kes telah direkodkan , ianya adalah sesuatu yang amat mengecewakan saya terutama juga bagi ibu bapa yang mempunyai anak anak kecil , tahniah dan bagi golongan yang anti vaksin anda pasti rasa gembira dengan kehadiran penyakit yang sekian lama tidak muncul kini kembali muncul mengancam kehidupan masyarakat yang lain , sudahlah penyakit TB semakin menular disebabkan kebanjiran pendatang asing kini Golongan anti vaksin ini pula merupakan agen kepada menularan wabak ini. Tak hairan jika kejahilan golongan anti vaksin ini terus berlaku maka penyakit Polio pun boleh muncul kembali di negara kita ini.

Apakah itu Kuman Diphtheria ?

Untuk pengetahuan umum Diphtheria adalah  merupakan suatu penyakit bakteria akut yang dihasilkan oleh  bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae yang terutama akan menyerang bahagian tonsil, faring, laring, hidung dan  juga  menyerang selaput lendir dan bahagian kulit ,bahkan ada kes ianya menyerang konjungtiva atau vagina. Jika berlaku serangan jangkitan suatu membrane asimetrik yang berwarna keputih putihan yang mengelilingi kawasan inflamasi terhasil . selalunya bahagian tekan akan terasa sakit diikuti dengan kelenjar limfa yang membesar . Pada kes yang berat dan serius simptom ini didatangi dengan pembengkakan dan oedema di bahagian leher dengan pembentukan membrane tebal pada trachea kesan buruknya akan terjadi penyumbatan saluran pernafasan.

Difteri pada hidung biasanya didatangi dengan gejala ringan dan kronik dengan salah satu rongga hidung tersumbat dan terjadi ketebalan kulit. Toksin yang terhasil dari kuman ini juga dapat menyebabkan myocarditis dengan mengakibatkan heart block dan kegagalan jantung kongestif yang progresif,akan mula timbul dalam satu minggu . Gejala lain adalah  masalah saraf  yang mirip dengan Guillain Barre Syndrome. Tingkat kematiannya adalah 5-10%. 

Sejarah Penyakit Difteria

Penyakit Difteria  adalah penyebab utama kematian di kalangan kanak-kanak. Amerika Syarikat mencatatkan yang mencatatkan jumlah  206,000 kes  pada tahun 1921 dan 15,520 kematian. Sebelum ada rawatan untuk difteria, sehingga separuh daripada orang-orang yang mendapat penyakit itu meninggal dunia daripadanya.

Bermula pada tahun 1920, kadar difteria menurun dengan cepat di Amerika Syarikat dan negara-negara lain dengan penggunaan meluas vaksin. Dalam dekad yang lalu, terdapat kurang daripada lima kes difteria di Amerika Syarikat dilaporkan kepada CDC. Walau bagaimanapun, penyakit ini terus menyebabkan penyakit di peringkat global. Pada tahun 2014, 7321 kes difteria telah dilaporkan kepada Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia.

Cara Penyebaran penyakit ini berlaku?

Difteria boleh disebarkan (dihantar) dari seorang ke seorang dengan mudah dan tanpa disedari ,selalunya jangkitan biasanya melalui titisan pernafasan, seperti dari batuk atau bersin.Tetapi kajian menunjukkan Jarang, orang boleh jatuh sakit dari menyentuh luka terbuka (luka-luka kulit) atau pakaian yang menyentuh kudis terbuka seseorang sakit dengan difteria. Untuk pengetahuan umum Seseorang juga boleh mendapatkan difteria dengan datang dalam hubungan dengan objek, seperti mainan, yang mempunyai bakteria yang menyebabkan difteria di atasnya.ini kerap berlaku kepada anak anak kecil dan juga contact yang dekat antara satu individu dengan individu yang lain.

Penularan wabak ini boleh terjadi dengan cepat disebabkan kuman ini menular dari udara atau airbone spread.

Simptom yang terjadi

BENGKAK SALURAN PERNAFASAN DAN LEHER.

ULSER ATAU LUKA JANGKITAN DIFTERIA

KETEBALAN TISU MATI DI BELAKANG TEKAK

KESUKARAN BERNAFAS DAN MENELAN

TISU BERWARNA PUTIH MUNCUL

Apabila bakteria yang menyebabkan difteria ini masuk ke dalam dan melekat pada lapisan sistem pernafasan, Kuman ini akan menghasilkan racun (toksin) yang boleh menyebabkan:

• kelemahan anggota tubuh badan
• Sakit tekak
• Demam
• bengkak kelenjar di leher

Apa yang menyebabkan kuman ini merbahaya ,racun yang dihasilkan akan mula memusnahkan tisu sihat dalam sistem pernafasan. Dalam masa dua atau tiga hari, tisu yang mati membentuk  lapisan kulit tebal, lapisan kelabu yang boleh terkumpul di dalam tekak atau hidung. lapisan kelabu tebal ini dipanggil "pseudomembrane." Ia boleh meliputi tisu dalam hidung, tonsil, kotak suara, dan tekak, dan menjadikan ia amat sukar untuk bernafas dan menelan bagi individu yang dijangkiti.

Racun juga boleh masuk ke dalam aliran darah dan menyebabkan kerosakan kepada jantung, buah pinggang, dan saraf dan membawa kepada kematian.

Komplikasi Difteria

Komplikasi daripada difteria boleh termasuk:

• Menyekat saluran pernafasan
• Kerosakan kepada otot jantung (myocarditis)
• Kerosakan saraf (polyneuropathy)
• Hilang keupayaan untuk bergerak (lumpuh)
• Jangkitan paru-paru (kegagalan pernafasan atau radang paru-paru)

Bagi sesetengah orang, difteria boleh membawa kepada kematian. Walaupun dengan rawatan, kira-kira 1 daripada 10 pesakit difteria mati. Tanpa rawatan, sebanyak 1 daripada 2 pesakit boleh mati akibat penyakit ini.

Diagnosis Dan Rawatan Difteria

Doktor selalunya membuat keputusan jika seseorang mempunyai jangkitan difteria dengan melihat tanda-tanda dan gejala-gejala yang sama. Mereka akan menggunakan swab atau mengambil sedikit calitan sample dari belakang tekak dan menguji untuk  memastikan bakteria yang menyebabkan penyakit ini adalah difteria. Seorang doktor juga boleh mengambil sampel daripada luka kulit  dan cuba dan mengembangkan bakteria untuk memastikan pesakit mempunyai  janGkitan difteria.

Untuk pengetahuan umum Adalah amat penting untuk memulakan rawatan dengan segera jika doktor mengesyaki difteria dan tidak perlu menunggu pengesahan makmal. Oleh itu jangan menjadi Dr sendiri dan cuba merawati penyakit ini .

Untuk rawatan Difteria hari ini ianya melibatkan:

Menggunakan difteria antitoksin untuk menghentikan racun (toksin) yang dihasilkan oleh bakteria daripada merosakkan badan

Menggunakan ubat-ubatan (dipanggil antibiotik) untuk membunuh dan menyingkirkan bakteria

Walaupun dengan rawatan, kira-kira 1 daripada 10 orang yang mendapat difteria akan boleh mengakibatkan kematian jika lambat mendapatkan rawatan

Bagi pesakit difteria biasanya akan dikuarantinkan, sehingga mereka di sahkan oleh Dr ia tidak lagi berjangkit - ini biasanya mengambil masa kira-kira 48 jam selepas memulakan antibiotik. Setelah pesakit selesai mengambil antibiotik, doktor akan menjalankan ujian untuk memastikan bakteria tidak berada dalam badan pesakit lagi.

Apakah Yang Perlu kita lakukan bersama mencegah penyakit ini.

Cara terbaik untuk mencegah Difteria adalah untuk mendapatkan vaksin. Terdapat empat vaksin digunakan untuk mencegah difteria: DTaP, Tdap, DT, dan Td. Setiap satu daripada vaksin ini menghalang difteria dan tetanus; DTaP dan Tdap juga membantu mencegah pertussis (batuk kokol). DTaP dan DT diberi kepada kanak-kanak yang berumur kurang daripada tujuh tahun, manakala Tdap dan Td diberi kepada kanak-kanak yang lebih tua, remaja, dan orang dewasa. 

Bayi dan Kanak-kanak

Jadual imunisasi kanak-kanak semasa  untuk difteria termasuk lima dos DTaP untuk kanak-kanak yang berumur kurang daripada tujuh tahun.

Preteens dan Remaja

Jadual imunisasi remaja mencadangkan bahawa preteens mendapatkan dos booster Tdap di berumur 11 atau 12 tahun. Remaja yang tidak mendapat Tdap apabila mereka berusia 11 atau 12 tahun perlu mendapatkan dos yang apabila mereka berjumpa dengan doktor mereka

Dewasa

Orang dewasa perlu mendapatkan dos Td setiap 10 tahun mengikut jadual imunisasi dewasa. Untuk perlindungan tambahan terhadap batuk kokol, mana-mana orang dewasa yang tidak pernah menerima dos Tdap perlu mendapatkan satu dengan seberapa segera yang mungkin.

Apabila sesuatu penularan penyakit ini berlaku , maka kita hendaklah memainkan peranan yang penting dalam memberikan kesedaran kepada masyarakat , Bagi golongan anti Vaksin hentikan kejahilan anda dengan merujuk pekara ini kepada mereka yang pakar bukan dengan membuat andaian sendiri dan juga menjadi DR GOO___LE, Kalau anda hendak meneruskan kejahilan anda ,jangan campurkan anak anak anda dengan anak anak kami kerana kejahilan anda menyusahkan semua orang dan juga menimbulkan ketakutan dikalangan masyarakat. wallahuaklam.

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Above Knee Amputee Exercise at home

Knee Amputation Exercise

Bismillahirahmanirahim, for my sharing this afternoon is more on understanding what is the suitable exercise that can be done after amputation operation.It is important that you take an active role in your rehabilitation. The following exercises must be done every day to prevent any complications. After an above the knee amputation, it is important to prevent the hip from staying in a bent or flexed position. To prevent this from happening you need to do the following:

• Frequently change the position of your hip. Do not sit in a chair for long periods. 
• Lie on your stomach for 20 minutes, 2 or 3 times a day. Do not place a pillow under your stomach.
• Do not put your amputated leg on a pillow when lying down, unless otherwise told to do so. Do not place a pillow under your hips, knees or between your thighs.

• Do not hang your stump over the side of the bed.

What is the suitable exercise to do and make sure Do only these exercises checked by your therapist. Do each exercise 3 times a day.

Stretching exercises:

Do not bounce back and forth when doing stretching exercises.

• Hamstring Stretch: 

Lie on your back. Bring your non-amputated limb toward your chest. Put your arm around your thigh and pull even closer. Hold for 20 seconds. Bring your non-amputated knee toward your chest. Straighten your leg until you feel a stretch in the back of your thigh.  

• Hip Flexor Stretch

Lie on your back. Bring your non-amputated leg up to your chest and hold it with your arms. Have someone push your amputated limb down to the bed and hold it for a count of 20. Relax and repeat. When your leg can easily lie on the bed, scoot to the side and dangle your amputated limb over the side of the bed. Repeat the above exercise.

• Alternative Stretch

Lie on your stomach. Place a rolled towel under your amputated limb. Lie in this position for 20 minutes. As you stretch the hip flexor muscle, you may increase the size of the towel roll.  

• Adductor Stretch 

Sit with your back against a wall or against the head of your bed. Put your amputated limb out to the side and bend the other leg slightly. Push on the thigh so you feel a stretch in your inner thigh. Make sure that both buttocks remain on the floor. Do not lift one up in the air.

Strengthening exercises 

• Hip Extension 

Lie on your stomach. Lift your amputated limb up behind you towards the ceiling. Hold and then return to the starting position. Repeat 10 times.

• Hip Extension on Side

Lie on your side. Push your amputated leg straight back behind you. Hold and then return to the starting position. Repeat  10 times. 

• Hip Extension on Back 

Lie on your back. Place a rolled towel under the end of your amputated limb. Push down into the towel, and lift your hips off the floor. Repeat 10 times. 

•  Hip Abduction 

Lie on your back. Fasten a belt or theraband around your thighs as low as it is comfortable. Try to pull your legs apart by pushing outward against the belt or theraband. Push for a count of 5. Relax. Repeat 10 times.

• Hip Abduction on Side 

Lie on your side and lift your top leg toward the ceiling. Keep your knee pointed forward. Return to the starting position. Repeat 10 times. Repeat this exercise with the other leg on top. 

• Hip Adduction

Lie on your back. Place a rolled towel or pillow between your legs as low as is comfortable. Squeeze the towel between your legs for a count of 5. Relax. Repeat 10 times.

• Alternative Hip Adduction Exercise  

Lie on your side. Bring your top leg forward and let your foot rest on the floor in front of you. Lift your bottom leg toward the ceiling. Return to the starting position. Repeat 10 times.

• Pelvic Tilt

 Lie on your back. Bend your knee so the foot of your non-amputated leg is resting flat on the floor. Place your hands in the small of your back. Push your low back into your hands. Hold for a count of 5. Relax. Repeat 10 times.

• Partial Sit-up

 Lie on your back. Bend your hips so the foot of your non-amputated leg is resting flat on the floor. Rest your hands on your thighs. Slowly curl up until your head and shoulder blades are off the floor. Look up to the ceiling as you do this exercise. Repeat 10 times.

This exercise is more guideline and also give you some idea to do on that , the exercise is important to make sure the operation leg will get back their strength and also to improve in their mobility.

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